{"id":322,"date":"2017-01-06T23:51:20","date_gmt":"2017-01-07T05:51:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/?p=322"},"modified":"2017-01-07T18:33:09","modified_gmt":"2017-01-08T00:33:09","slug":"indiana-fiddle-bands-i-ddcd-112","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/2017\/01\/indiana-fiddle-bands-i-ddcd-112\/","title":{"rendered":"Indiana Fiddle Bands I (DDCD-112 )"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Indiana_Fiddle_Bands_1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-333\" src=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Indiana_Fiddle_Bands_1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"546\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Indiana_Fiddle_Bands_1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Indiana_Fiddle_Bands_1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Indiana_Fiddle_Bands_1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Indiana_Fiddle_Bands_1.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Though I am a few days late, I would like to kick off this planned series of posts with an item that honors my native state of Indiana. In 2016, Hoosiers celebrated 200 years of statehood. My commemorative gift to my home state is an album of old-time fiddling recorded by musicians from Indiana, all of it recorded in Indiana between 1928 and 1933. With this, I begin a series that is the fruit of my long love affair with\u00a0 old-time music as recorded during the era of 78rpm phonograph discs. For a number of writing projects over the last 15 years, I have been compiling and editing sounds and data from that period into playlists that shed some light on Midwestern contributions to American folk and vernacular music. With this offering, I turn my studious playlists into virtual CDs for all to share.<\/p>\n<p>Of the 24 sides included in this first posted album, 13 have never been commercially reissued on LP, cassette tape, or CD. And about half of those that have been reissued for modern consumption can be found only on non-American labels. The portion of the music business in the United States that is interested in old-time rural music has largely ignored the Midwest. I like to think of this series as centered on what Frank Fairfield calls &#8220;The Outsiders of Old-Time Music.&#8221; I will explain more in future posts.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, enjoy listening. I have written up introductory sketches of these outsider artists. And I have compiled basic discographic information in a file that can be accessed and downloaded in the link that follows. (The conventions and forms of my discographic entries are shown in the <strong>DrDosido CDs<\/strong> page linked in the menu bar above. A list of instrument abbreviations can also be found there.)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/112_Indiana_Fiddle_Bands_I.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">112 Indiana Fiddle Bands I<\/a> (discography, plus album cover).<\/p>\n<p>In a not-yet published article, country music historian Pat Huber described <strong>Floyd Thompson &amp; His Home Towners<\/strong> as an Indianapolis-based studio band of \u201ctrained, sight-reading professional musicians\u201d who, with the addition of transplanted Kentuckian <strong>Emry Arthur<\/strong>, presented \u201ca colorful blending of Midwestern urban jazz and popular music and Southern rural vernacular traditions.\u201d What is implied here is a strict separation between not only Midwestern and Southern musical styles, but also between trained musicians and folk musicians, as well as between urban and rural sensibilities. I am not convinced that musical experience can be so neatly compartmentalized. And then, after agreeing with Tony Russell\u2019s assessment that the Home Towners, were inspired by the \u201cBroadway hillbilly music of Carson Robison and Frank Luther,\u201d Huber further claims that it is Arthur that gives the Home Towners genuine old-time credibility (Russell, 2007, p. 97; Huber, np).<\/p>\n<p>Where to start? Russell is correct in suggesting that Floyd Thompson was probably inspired by the commercial success of Robison and Luther, leading him to bring together the Home Towners,\u00a0an ephemeral and changing assemblage of violinists, vocalists, guitar pickers, and harmonica blowers, in order to make recordings of old-time music. However, it is not fair or accurate to reduce the band\u2019s music to an act of copycatting. The <strong>Home Towners<\/strong> were clearly comfortable with a variety of vernacular material, plus they brought with them a number of Thompson\u2019s original compositions (several will be heard on another offering in this series). While fans of old-time music might respond differently to the various sounds that constitute the genre, individual aesthetic preferences do not provide a sound definitional basis.<\/p>\n<p>Huber, also, is on the right track in describing the music of the Home Towners as a colorful blend. But he is mistaken in suggesting that the different strands of that blend can be ascribed to the regional provenance of individual members of the group. In other words, what differentiates the music of the Home Towners from other contemporary popular styles was not the mere presence of Emry Arthur. &#8220;Trained, sight-reading, professional musicians&#8221; are not necessarily divorced from the vernacular music of their communities. In my generation, most trained professional musicians know rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and the American songbook. In the 1920s, it would have been natural for such musicians to be familiar with string band music, social dance music, and square dance tunes. Yes, even in Indiana and the whole of the Midwest.<br \/>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-322 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/floyd_thompson\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Floyd_Thompson-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-373\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-373'>\n\t\t\t\tFloyd Thompson-American Harmonists, 1925\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/frank_owens\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Frank_Owens-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-372\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-372'>\n\t\t\t\tFrank Owens-American Harmonists, 1925\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\nGive a close listen to the 3 fiddle tune standards that open this album, all recorded at the band\u2019s first recording session in Indianapolis in June 1928. Emry Arthur did not join until the next month when the Home Towners traveled to Chicago for their third session. The lead fiddler on these first 3 tunes may have been <strong>Frank Owens<\/strong>, a professional singer who was often touted, along with <strong>Floyd Thompson<\/strong> on the pages of the <em>Indianapolis News<\/em> as a featured soloist with the American Harmonists, a theatre orchestra. Whatever his musical training, Owen\u2019s fiddling on <strong><em>Ida Red<\/em><\/strong> shows he was familiar with the folk idiom of square dance fiddling, widespread at the time. The same cannot be said of the second fiddler heard on this side\u2013Russell thinks it may have been Thompson\u2013who drones some chordal harmony devoid of the rhythmic pulse required of a square dance band (to be properly documented as this series unfolds). Apart from the stylized and polished vocals on these numbers&#8211;led by fellow American Harmonist <strong>Jack Tilson<\/strong>&#8211;particularly on the <strong><em>Rye Waltz<\/em><\/strong>, the rest of the accompaniment from several guitars and a harmonica is solid old-time country. Whether these unknown musicians were Hoosiers or transplanted Southerners or both cannot be ascertained from their playing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Floyd Thompson &amp; His Home Towners<\/strong><br \/>\n1928<br \/>\n<strong>1. <em>Little Brown Jug<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('audio');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-01_Little_Brown_Jug.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-01_Little_Brown_Jug.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-01_Little_Brown_Jug.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. <em>Ida Red<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-02_Ida_Red.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-02_Ida_Red.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-02_Ida_Red.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <em>Rye Waltz<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-03_Rye_Waltz.mp3?_=3\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-03_Rye_Waltz.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-03_Rye_Waltz.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>There is no doubt about the old-time authenticity of the next band up\u2013<strong>James Cole\u2019s String Band<\/strong>, also known as <strong>James Cole\u2019s Washboard Band<\/strong>\u2013though these musicians also faced catagorical challenges. The record companies of the day expected blues from the African-American artists they recorded for their \u201cRace\u201d series. But <strong>James Cole<\/strong> and his associates, including <strong>Tommy Bradley<\/strong>, were equally at home with styles and repertoire more commonly associated with Anglo-American musicians: square dance tunes and songs from Tin Pan Alley. For a long while, not much was know about the backgrounds of Cole or Bradley. Discographer Dick Spottswood suggested\u201cthey may be from central\/western Kentucky, where, even by the 1920s, black and white string band styles and repertoire were still quite close\u201d (Spottswood). And perhaps that is where they came from, but Tony Russell has recently asserted that they worked out of Indianapolis, while also teaming up with compatriots in Cincinnati.<\/p>\n<p>The instrumental pieces recorded by Cole and Bradley defy categorization. <strong><em>Bill Cheatem<\/em><\/strong>, of course, is an old chestnut in Anglo-American fiddle traditions. But could the tune possibly be named for African-American showman William Cheathem, who along with his brother Lawrence, founded the <em>Cheathem Brothers\u2019 Black Diamond Minstrels<\/em> in St. Louis, Missouri in 1898? (Abbott &amp; Seroff, p. 92). According to record producer Marshall Wyatt, <strong><em>Runnin&#8217; Wild<\/em><\/strong> is from a 1922 pop song composed by A. Harrington Gibbs (Wyatt, p. 25). <strong><em>Sweet Lizzie<\/em><\/strong> has not been traced, but it closely resembles <em>Sweet Sue, Just You<\/em>, a hit song introduced in 1928 in Chicago, where the song\u2019s composer, Victor Young, had been a member of Ben Pollack\u2019s band, who recorded the latter song in April of that year.<\/p>\n<p><strong>James Cole&#8217;s String Band<\/strong><br \/>\n1928<br \/>\n<strong>4. <em>Bill Cheatem<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-4\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-04_Bill_Cheatem.mp3?_=4\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-04_Bill_Cheatem.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-04_Bill_Cheatem.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>5. <em>I Got a Gal<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-5\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-05_I_Got_a_Gal.mp3?_=5\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-05_I_Got_a_Gal.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-05_I_Got_a_Gal.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>James Cole&#8217;s Washboard Band<\/strong><br \/>\n1930<br \/>\n<strong>6. <em>Runnin&#8217; Wild<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-6\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-06_Runnin_Wild.mp3?_=6\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-06_Runnin_Wild.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-06_Runnin_Wild.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>7. <em>Sweet Lizzie<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-7\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-07_Sweet_Lizzie.mp3?_=7\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-07_Sweet_Lizzie.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-07_Sweet_Lizzie.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_370\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-370\" style=\"width: 281px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-370\" src=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Nicholsons_Players-250x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Nicholsons_Players-250x300.jpg 250w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Nicholsons_Players.jpg 324w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-370\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nicholson&#8217;s Players-Salem, Indiana<\/figcaption><\/figure>Unlike the first two groups presented here, <strong>Nicholson\u2019s Players<\/strong> hearken from rural and small town Indiana: Washington County and the county seat of Salem. Banjoist <strong>William Jefferson Nicholson<\/strong> (1886?-1958), the leader of the group that went to the Gennett studios at the Starr Piano Company in Richmond, Indiana in January 1930,\u00a0 is listed in the 1910 census as \u2018musician.\u2019 For subsequent censuses, he chose to call himself a \u2018farmer\u2019 or \u2018farm manager.\u2019 A good overview of the musical lives of Nicholson and his compatriots&#8211;fiddler <strong>Tilfer Floyd<\/strong>, harmonica blower <strong>Paul Ashabraner<\/strong>, and guitarist <strong>Glen Spurgeon<\/strong>&#8211;can be found in Tony Russell\u2019s recent <em>Old-Time Herald<\/em> article devoted to this little-noticed band. There was some overlap between the group that recorded in Richmond and the Salem Melody Makers, a varying configuration with horns and drums that occasionally broadcast on radio station WHAS in Louisville. It is apparent that these musicians did not strictly limit themselves to old-time string band music, but also played pop standards and new hits. Based on stories I\u2019ve heard of other rural Indiana bands from this time-period, it was common for small town dance bands to keep up with the latest \u201cfoxtrots\u201d and other pop songs, for round dancing, while still giving out hoedowns for an old-time square dance.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_368\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-368\" style=\"width: 286px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-368\" src=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Tilfer_Floyd-275x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Tilfer_Floyd-275x300.jpg 275w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Tilfer_Floyd-768x838.jpg 768w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Tilfer_Floyd-938x1024.jpg 938w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Tilfer_Floyd.jpg 1236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-368\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tilfer Floyd (w guitar)<\/figcaption><\/figure>Of the 9 sides that Nicholson&#8217;s Players recorded for Gennett, the 4 included here represent well their abilities to mix traditional fiddle tunes with popular melodies. Noteworthy are the variety of banjo playing styles, using both fingers and a pick, that Nicholson brings to <strong><em>My Honey<\/em><\/strong>, a version of the well-known <em>Black and White Rag,<\/em> and the lovely interplay with the fiddle on <strong><em>Muskakatuck Waltz<\/em><\/strong>. The latter tune is named, but not spelled, after the Muscatatuck River that flows through the north portion of Washington County. I first encountered <em>Black and White Rag<\/em> in 1979, as fiddled by Hector Phillips from Petersburg, Indiana. And <em>Muscatatuck Waltz<\/em> was a favorite of fiddler Ken Smelser of Paoli, Indiana in Orange County, which neighbors Washington County to the west, when I visited him on several occasions in the early 1980s. During that same time, two other Orange County musician also played the tune for me: Cyprien Dickey on fiddle and Maurice \u201cMousey\u201d Wininger on piano. They thought it had come from the Brown County Revelers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nicholson&#8217;s Players<\/strong><br \/>\n1928<br \/>\n<strong>8. <em>Irish Washerwoman Medley<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-8\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-08_Irish_Washerwoman_Medley.mp3?_=8\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-08_Irish_Washerwoman_Medley.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-08_Irish_Washerwoman_Medley.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>9. <em>Turkey in the Straw Medley<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-9\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-09_Turkey_in_the_Straw_Medley.mp3?_=9\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-09_Turkey_in_the_Straw_Medley.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-09_Turkey_in_the_Straw_Medley.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>10. <em>Muskakaktuck Waltz<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-10\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-10_Muskakaktuck_Waltz.mp3?_=10\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-10_Muskakaktuck_Waltz.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-10_Muskakaktuck_Waltz.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>11. <em>My Honey<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-11\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-11_My_Honey.mp3?_=11\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-11_My_Honey.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-11_My_Honey.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Were it not for the prodigious research of the late, great <a href=\"https:\/\/exhibits.lib.unc.edu\/exhibits\/show\/hillbilly_music\/biographies\/meade\" target=\"_blank\">Gus Meade<\/a>, we would know nothing at all about the musicians who made up the Hoosier Rangers. <strong>Clyde Martin &amp; the Hoosier Rangers<\/strong> recorded 4 selections at the Gennett studios in Richmond in 1931. According to Meade&#8217;s <em>Fiddlers Compendium<\/em>, the band\u2019s leader, <strong>Clyde Martin<\/strong>, played piano. The rest of the Rangers were all named Wright. <strong>Cecil Wright<\/strong>, the lead fiddler, was born in 1904 in Washington County, Indiana, and was of the same generation as the younger members of Nicholson&#8217;s Players, i.e., Ashabraner and Spurgeon. Perhaps musical connections were made. (Cecil, by the way, spent his later years up north in LaFountain, a town with Tyler family connections.) The other Wrights, likely brothers or cousins, were <strong>Elmo Wright<\/strong> on guitar and <strong>Howard Wright<\/strong>, who, according to Meade, played the banjo. However, banjo is not audible on either selection included here. Meade asks whether Howard played the mandolin that can be heard on <strong><em>Little Brown Jug\/ White River Bottoms<\/em><\/strong>. I would further ask if it was Howard Wright who played the droning 2nd fiddle on <strong><em>Shuber&#8217;s Hoedown<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>A bit of a side note illustrates the magnitude of Gus Meade\u2019s discographical and historical accomplishments. As he died in 1991, all his research was done with little help from the nascent internet or the World Wide Web. A quarter-century later, an hour\u2019s worth of research in an online newspaper archive disclosed that <strong>Clyde Martin<\/strong>, leader of the Hoosier Rangers was something of a celebrity in the mid-1920s. Born around 1886, Martin was a college graduate, basketball star, and a community leader in Palmyra, Indiana, where he built Ranger Hall to provide recreation for the community after the local school board voted against adding a gymnasium to the school. Ranger Hall was well-used by the community for basketball games, roller skating, amateur dramatics, checker-playing, and a slot machine for games of chance. These activities were a threat to the local Church of Christ\u2013they approved of basketball, but not of roller skating\u2013and in a 1926 trial that received nation-wide attention, church officials charged Martin with heresy and excommunicated him for being \u201ctoo worldly.\u201d Undeterred, Martin announced that he would keep Ranger Hall open and would become a Republican candidate for Congress. His candidacy did not succeed.\u00a0 In the summer of 1929, he turned in part to music, as the Steedman Symphonic Society of Louisville sponsored a series of summer concerts that included the \u201cHoosier Ranger and His Gang, direction, W. Clyde Martin, Palmyra, Ind.\u201d (<em>Courier-Journal:<\/em> August 25, 1929). Two years later, he took his gang north to the Gennett studios in Richmond.<\/p>\n<p>Back to the music: the second piece in the aforementioned medley, <strong><em>White River Bottoms<\/em><\/strong>, is of special interest. Gus Meade notes in <em>Country Music Sources<\/em> that the tune was played by Jimmy Campbell of Dolan, Indiana in 1956. I listened to Meade&#8217;s field recordings of Campbell, as held in the Archives of Traditional Music at Indiana University, and met Jimmy Campbell in 1980, a few years before his passing. Inspired by Meade&#8217;s field work, I undertook my own search for <em>White River Bottoms<\/em> and the like, and collected it from a handful of Hoosier fiddlers, ranging from Frank Wisehart&#8217;s home recording in the 1940s to frequent performances by both Cyprien and Lotus Dickey in the 1980s. One Crawford County fiddler who moved north to Indianapolis, Noble Melton, described the tune as a glorified version of <em>Boil Them Cabbage Down<\/em>. I have played the tune often over the years. After one performance, musician, historian, and 78 collector Kinney Rorrer told me about the <strong>Hoosier Rangers<\/strong> 78 and later sent me a taped dub. I am extremely grateful to Kinney and all the friends and acquaintances who have generously shared a rich wealth of old-time music from the fascinating era of the 78rpm phonograph disc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Clyde Martin &amp; the Hoosier Rangers<\/strong><br \/>\n1931<br \/>\n<strong>12. <em>Little Brown Jug\/ White River Bottoms<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-12\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-12_Little_Brown_Jug-White_River_Bottoms.mp3?_=12\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-12_Little_Brown_Jug-White_River_Bottoms.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-12_Little_Brown_Jug-White_River_Bottoms.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>13. <em>Shuber&#8217;s Hoe Down<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-13\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-13_Shubers_Hoedown.mp3?_=13\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-13_Shubers_Hoedown.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-13_Shubers_Hoedown.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>While Nicholson\u2019s Players, and perhaps the Wright brothers. were all from Hoosier families, the next band up, <strong>Richard Cox &amp; His National Fiddlers<\/strong> was new to Indiana. <strong>Richard Cox<\/strong> (b. 1915) was from Huntington, West Virginia, where he began his radio career as a teen in 1929 on WSAX, and was soon dubbed West Virginia\u2019s Master Mountaineer, despite his youth. After leading bands in the three-state area around Huntington (Ohio, West Virginia, and Kentucky), in 1932 Cox took a band west along the National Road (US 40) and landed in Richmond, Indiana, where they recorded nine pieces\u2013blues, songs, and fiddle tunes\u2013two of which are heard here. Over the next few years he appeared on several Midwestern radio stations (Detroit, Windsor, and Gary).\u00a0 By 1936, according to historian Ivan Tribe, Cox &#8220;joined forces with two old pros from the deep South, Bert Layne and Riley Puckett, and an Ashland [KY] youth, Slim Clere, as part of a group called the Mountaineer Fiddlers. This band played radio shows and personal appearances in the Gary, Indiana\/Chicago area\u201d (Tribe, p. 40).<\/p>\n<p>Besides Richard Cox, the National Fiddlers, included fiddler <strong>Bernard Henson<\/strong> and guitarist, <strong>Frank Welling<\/strong>, who recorded extensively for Gennett between 1927 and 1933. One might surmise that the elder Welling (b. 1900), also\u00a0 a resident of Huntington and veteran performer on WSAZ, arranged this trip to the recording studio in Indiana for the younger musicians. Russell\u2019s discography credits the fiddle and guitar to either Cox or Henson, but gives no acknowledgment to the steel guitar heard prominently on these performances. It is likely that Frank Welling played the Hawaiian steel, which he learned in 1919 while working with Domingo\u2019s Filipino Serenaders, a vaudeville act (Tribe, p. 29). One of the tunes recorded by Cox, Henson, and Welling, <strong><em>The Downfall of Adam,<\/em><\/strong> is related to <em>Mississippi Sawyer<\/em>, a standard American fiddle tune that is derived from the British\/European <em>Downfall of Paris<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Richard Cox &amp; His National Fiddlers<\/strong><br \/>\n1932<br \/>\n<strong>14. <em>East Tennessee Blues<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-14\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-14_East_Tennessee_Blues.mp3?_=14\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-14_East_Tennessee_Blues.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-14_East_Tennessee_Blues.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>15. <em>The Downfall of Adam<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-15\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-15_The_Downfall_of_Adam.mp3?_=15\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-15_The_Downfall_of_Adam.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-15_The_Downfall_of_Adam.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_335\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-335\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-335\" src=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Draper_Walter-300x172.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Draper_Walter-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Draper_Walter.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-335\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Draper Walter, circa 1933<\/figcaption><\/figure>The Walter Family are usually regarded as Kentuckians, though they had been living in Richmond, Indiana for several decades before recording there in 1933. Fiddler and family patriarch Draper Walter (1870-1955) was born in Camp Nelson, Kentucky, in a musically rich area that was also home to the multi-talented Booker family. Jim Booker, 2 years younger than Draper Walter, fiddled with Taylor\u2019s Kentucky Boys in one of the earliest integrated recording sessions in country music history (though not so integrated that Booker could be included in the band\u2019s publicity photo). According to Richard Nevins of Yazoo Records, Walter and Booker played music together back in Kentucky before Walter moved his family to Richmond, Indiana in 1919 (Nevins mistakenly claims it was 1921).<\/p>\n<p>In Richmond, the Walter Family merged with other local musical families. Daughter Betty Lou, who sang \u201cold ballads\u201d as the \u201cSinging Schoolmarm\u201d on WKBV, married local banjoist and broadcaster Ray Agee, who helped the radio station relocate from Brookville to Richmond. Later on, according to Richmond Palladium-Item columnist Dick Reynolds, \u201cRay Agee organized the \u2018Home Folks Show,\u2019 a stage show whose members included the Agees\u2019 two sons, Highly and Chuck.\u201d\u00a0 The Agees later operated a music store in Richmond. In her senior years, Betty Lou Walter Agee was still playing jaw harp with a local senior citizen band, Charlie Estes &amp; Company (Reynolds, p. 5). Possibly this was the same Charlie Estes who played guitar with the Walter Family at the recording session in 1933.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_369\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-369\" style=\"width: 239px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-369\" src=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Draper_Walter-1950-271x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"239\" height=\"265\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Draper_Walter-1950-271x300.jpg 271w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Draper_Walter-1950.jpg 745w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 239px) 100vw, 239px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-369\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Draper Walter, 1950 with 5 generations<\/figcaption><\/figure>The Walters and their cohort were musically active during the first years of the New Deal. In the summer of 1933, they performed regularly in a local park as \u201cThe Walter Family Old Time Orchestra.\u201d Two years later, they performed at a local movie theatre as \u201cDraper Walter\u2019s Jug Band.\u201d The make-up of personnel of these bands always included Ray Agee on banjo. I will let the words of Richard Nevins convey the complex family relationships entwined in the group of musicians that gathered around the microphone in the Gennett studios on March 29, 1933. \u201cThe personnel of the band were Draper Walter, on fiddle; his daughter Mary on piano; his son-in-law, Ray Agee on banjo; Charlie Estes, on guitar; Charlie Burdette on jug; and his son Wilburn on washboard. Incidentally, Draper Walter\u2019s sister, Florence \u2018Granny Bug\u2019 Williams, appeared for years over John Lair\u2019s Renfro Valley Barn Dance Show under the pseudonym of \u2018Granny Harper\u2019\u201d (Nevins, p. [2]).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Walter Family<\/strong><br \/>\n1933<br \/>\n<strong>16. <em>Flying Cloud Waltz<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-16\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-16_Flying_Cloud_Waltz.mp3?_=16\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-16_Flying_Cloud_Waltz.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-16_Flying_Cloud_Waltz.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>17. <em>Walter Family Waltz<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-17\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-17_Walter_Family_Waltz.mp3?_=17\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-17_Walter_Family_Waltz.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-17_Walter_Family_Waltz.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>18. <em>That&#8217;s My Rabbit, My Dog Caught It<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-18\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-18_Thats_My_Rabbit.mp3?_=18\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-18_Thats_My_Rabbit.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-18_Thats_My_Rabbit.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>19. <em>Shaker Ben<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-19\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-19_Shaker_Ben.mp3?_=19\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-19_Shaker_Ben.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-19_Shaker_Ben.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>The last band on this album features the fiddling of another West Virginian, <strong>Jess Johnston<\/strong> (1898-1952) from Wyoming County. From 1930 through 1933, Johnston was a regular visitor to the Gennett studios in Richmond, Indiana, where he participated in at least nine sessions with a variety of old-time artists, starting with Byrd Moore from Virginia. Here is a list of Johnston&#8217;s studio work.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">September-October 1930, w\/ Byrd Moore<br \/>\nDecember 1930, w\/ Roy Harvey<br \/>\nJune 1931, w\/ Ernest Branch &amp; Bernice Coleman (West Virginia Ramblers)<br \/>\nJune 1931, w\/ Roy Harvey (West Virginia Ramblers)<br \/>\nSeptember 1931, poss, w\/ Jess Hillard<br \/>\nOctober 1931, w\/ Duke Clark<br \/>\nOctober 1931, w\/ Ted Lunsford<br \/>\nNovember 1931, own session, with Bert Froste<br \/>\nFebruary &amp; July 1933, with Jess Hillard His West Virginia Hillbillies<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_334\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-334\" style=\"width: 368px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-334\" src=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Jess_Johnston-Byrd_Moore-194x300.jpg\" width=\"368\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Jess_Johnston-Byrd_Moore-194x300.jpg 194w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Jess_Johnston-Byrd_Moore.jpg 541w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-334\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Byrd Moore &amp; Jess Johnston<\/figcaption><\/figure><br \/>\nThree of the musicians on this list\u2013Harvey, Branch,and Coleman\u2013are fellow West Virginians. And like Byrd Moore, Roy Harvey was a prominent old-time recording artist. During his multiple visits\u2013or extended stay\u2013in Richmond, Jess Johnston did well in an Old Fiddlers Contest held at the local high school in October 1931. He took first place in fiddle, comic song, blue [sic] singing, piano solo, and Arkansas Traveler.<\/p>\n<p>At the end of the above list is a Hoosier, <strong>Jess Hillard<\/strong>, who also made a respectable showing at the Old Fiddlers Contest, with second place in Comic song and third place in Duet song. (I am not sure if there is any connection between Jess Hillard the guitarist and Jess S. Hillard of Boston, Indiana, who was wanted for passing bad checks in 1920; or with Jess C. Hillard of Richmond, who injured his hand in a gun accident in 1949). Born in 1895, Jess Hillard the guitarist had many connections to Richmond. Harry Hillard, likely Jess&#8217; brother, and Duke Clark, an occasional musical partner, also appeared at the same fiddlers contest and other events in the area. All three, in various combinations, made recordings at Gennett, with Jess being the most prolific: 42 sides recorded at 14 sessions between April 1931 and July 1933.<\/p>\n<p>At the last of those sessions, Hillard was rejoined by Jess Johnston for 7 fiddle tunes and 2 songs, all released as by <strong>Jess Hillard &amp; His West Virginia Hillbillies<\/strong>. Five of those tunes are included here. All of them have evocative names and familiar strains that hearken to other well known tunes. <strong><em>Rolling River<\/em><\/strong> is clearly related to the <em>Dubuque<\/em> family of tunes. <strong><em>Hell Up Flat Creek<\/em><\/strong> recalls<em> Cricket on the Hearth<\/em>. <strong><em>Make Down the Bed and We\u2019ll All Sleep Together<\/em><\/strong> is an interesting twist on <em>Rocky Mountain Goat<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>1933 was a good year for Jess Hillard and Jess Johnston. In April, the West Virginia Hillbillies took top prize for the second straight year at an old-time band and fiddle contest sponsored by the National Fiddlers Association of Indianapolis. Besides Johnston on fiddle, Jess Hillard\u2019s lineup that night included Duke Clark on guitar, Clarence Johnson on tenor guitar, and Nelson Hillard (another brother?) on guitar. Jess Hillard continued to be active in the area through at least 1936 with a billing that regularly noted he was a radio star on WKRC in Cincinnati. It is likely that Jess Johnston was still part of that group of <strong>West Virginia Hillibillies<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-412 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Hillard_show-300x268.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Hillard_show-300x268.jpg 300w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Hillard_show-768x686.jpg 768w, https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Hillard_show-1024x914.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>Jess Hillard &amp; Jess Johnston<\/strong><br \/>\n1933<br \/>\n<strong>20. <em>Make Down the Bed and We&#8217;ll All Sleep Together<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-20\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-20_Make_Down_the_Bed.mp3?_=20\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-20_Make_Down_the_Bed.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-20_Make_Down_the_Bed.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>21. <em>Rolling River<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-21\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-21_Rolling_River.mp3?_=21\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-21_Rolling_River.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-21_Rolling_River.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>22. <em>Dixie Rag<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-22\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-22_Dixie_Rag.mp3?_=22\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-22_Dixie_Rag.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-22_Dixie_Rag.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>23. <em>Wild Goose Waltz<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-23\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-23_Wild_Goose_Waltz.mp3?_=23\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-23_Wild_Goose_Waltz.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-23_Wild_Goose_Waltz.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>24. <em>Hell Up Flat Rock<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-322-24\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-24_Hell_Up_Flat_Rock.mp3?_=24\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-24_Hell_Up_Flat_Rock.mp3\">http:\/\/drdosido.net\/ddcd\/MOT\/112\/1-24_Hell_Up_Flat_Rock.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Paul Tyler, PhD (aka DrDosido)<br \/>\nJanuary 6, 2017<\/p>\n<p><strong>References Cited<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Abbott, Lynn &amp; Doug Seroff. 2002. <em>Out of Sight: The Rise of African American Popular Music, 1889-1895<\/em>. University Press of Mississippi.<\/p>\n<p>Huber, Patrick. 2013. Floyd Thompson and His Home Towners. Unpublished paper.<\/p>\n<p>Meade, Guthrie T. N.d. The Fiddler\u2019s Compendium. Typescript.<\/p>\n<p>Meade, Guthrie T. Jr. with Dick Spottswood &amp; Douglas S. Meade. 2002. <em>Country Music Sources: A Biblio-Discography of Commercially Recorded Traditional Music<\/em>. Southern Folklife Collection.<\/p>\n<p>Richard Nevins, Liner Notes to <em>Old Time Fiddle Band Music from Kentucky, Vol. 3: Way Down South in Dixie<\/em>. Morning Star Records 45005, 1980.<\/p>\n<p>Reynolds, Dick. 1982. 82-Year-Old Twanger Earns Ovations. <em>Richmond Palladium-Item<\/em> (March 1): 5.<\/p>\n<p>Russell, Tony. 2004. <em>Country Music Records: A Discography, 1921-1942<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Russell, Tony. 2007. <em>Country Music Originals: The Legends and the Lost<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Russell, Tony. 2013. Nicholson\u2019s Players. <em>The Old-Time Herald<\/em> 13 no. 5: 28-35<\/p>\n<p>Spottswood, Dick. 2005. Liner notes to <em>Tommy Bradley-James Cole Groups, 1928-1932<\/em>. Document CD-5189.<\/p>\n<p>Tribe, Ivan M. 1984. <em>Mountaineer Jamboree: Country Music in West Virginia<\/em>. University Press of Kentucky.<\/p>\n<p>Wyatt, Marshall. 2002. Liner notes to <em>Down in the Basement: Joe Bussard\u2019s Treasure Trove of Vintage 78s<\/em>. Old Hat CD-1004, 2002.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Though I am a few days late, I would like to kick off this planned series of posts with an item that honors my native state of Indiana. In 2016, Hoosiers celebrated&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-drdosido-cds"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4xBve-5c","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=322"}],"version-history":[{"count":48,"href":"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":451,"href":"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/322\/revisions\/451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drdosido.net\/drdsblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}